Modelling and Analysis of the Mechanism of Human Joint Function Effects of Accumulation of Ha Molecules During Motion

Abstract

The main scope within the thesis is to study the mathematical modelling of some physiological issues related to human knee joints. The entire course of work is divided into seven chapters. In chapter 1, there is the inclusion of general introduction along with importance of the structure of the synovial joint and the corresponding features of its components. In chapter 2, the mathematical formulation of the human knee joint system by taking into account the Newtonian behaviour of the synovial fluid with viscosity variation across the film thickness is presented. The basic equation governing the pressure in the fluid film has been derived. In chapter 3, we have examined the mechanism of human knee joint under the walking and jumping conditions for both normal and diseased joints. The effects of viscosity variation of the synovial fluid and inclination of the curved surface of the human knee joint have been under examination. In chapter 4, the mathematical analysis has been presented to comprehend the mechanism of human knee joint function under loaded condition by considering the viscosity variation of synovial fluid viscosity across the film thickness. The flatness of the joint in the central zone caused by loading has been considered. A pressure equation has been derived for both normal and diseased human knee joints in the symmetrical exponential curved surface bearing with flat part. In chapter 5, we have analyzed the squeezing flow of synovial fluid for both normal and diseased human knee joints in the circular plates bearing. This case is applicable for the case of jumping for both normal and diseased human knee joints. In chapter 6, a one-dimensional generalised form of the Reynolds equation has been derived for human knee joint by considering a two layer fluid model created by HA molecules attached to the cartilage matrix. The flow equation has been modified in the film close to the cartilage surface by considering a resistance term. In chapter 7, a model has been proposed to study the flow of synovial fluid in the fractured cartilage in the tangential direction. The model is applied to squeeze film lubrication between the fractured cartilages, considering the variation of fluid properties along with the film thickness. newline