Transition metal based nanocomposites for electrochemical detection of biomarkers

Abstract

Brain disorders are among the most grievous diseases in the human system; newlinehence, their timely diagnosis is challenging for the medical community to reduce the risk newlinefactor. Identifying proper biomarkers and their detection are the fundamental and pivotal newlinesteps in diagnosing and treating such neuronal diseases. Neurotransmitters have been newlinerecognized as potent biomarkers for many critical neurological disorders. Hence, newlinestudying diverse aspects of neurotransmitters, especially their early-stage detection and newlinequantification, has received excellent research attention. However, accurate in vivo newlinedetection is often fraught with complexity due to the dynamic microenvironment inside newlinethe neural system. Due to the high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, user-friendliness, and newlineminiaturisation, electrochemical detection has been considered a favourable technique newlinefor the sensitive and selective detection of neurotransmitters. The development of newlineminiaturized electronics for economic diagnostics, which offer a timely output on newlinedemand, is a significant concern in biomedical research. However, the sensitivity and newlineselectivity of the detection depend primarily on the proper modification of electrodes, newlineand hence, introducing novel materials for electrode modification is essential. Transition newlinemetal compounds (TMC), due to their excellent electrochemical activity, stability, and newlinecost-effectiveness, have been deemed a preeminent material for the modification of newlineelectrodes for a broad spectrum of applications. TMC-modified electrodes serve as an newlineefficient alternative to expensive enzyme-modified electrodes. They have played a newlineremarkable role in various neurotransmitters affordable and user-friendly non-enzymatic newlineelectrochemical sensing. newline