Ecotoxicological assessment and biomonitoring of pesticide contamination in the mango plantations of Muthalamada Palakkad District Kerala India

Abstract

The increased presence of pesticides in air, water and soil is a great newlineconcern due to the persistency and human health impacts. The biomarkers have newlinerecently become an integral component of ecological risk assessment as a newlinesupplement to the conventional residue based contaminant monitoring. One of newlinethe key functions of biomarkers is to provide an early warning signal of newlinesignificant biological effects and is generally believed that sub organismic newlineresponses precede those that occur at higher levels of biological newlineorganization. Over the years, many biomarkers have been claimed to be newlineefficient in identifying harmful effects due to pesticides. In this context, the newlinecurrent study was carried out to understand the potential biomarkers for newlinemonitoring, assessing and predicting risks associated with the application of newlinepesticides in Muthalamada Mango Plantation, Palakkad, Kerala. newline