Effect of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts on Pathogens of Fresh Water Fish Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758

Abstract

Aquaculture gives us a very valuable source of animal protein and essential nutrients to fulfill the need of humans and world population. Aquaculture is the fastest growing industry around the world with about 85 millions tones being produced annually (Kolkovski and Kolkovski 2011). Total fish production in India in 2018 is estimated as 6.24 million metric tons (MMT) which is closer to two third of the total fish production in country from capture and cultural sources. Disease is one of the most important problems of fish production in aquaculture. Fishes are susceptible to numerous diseases which could lead to complete or partial loss of the produce. Furthermore, many factors including overcrowding, handling, temperature, poor water quality and poor nutrition are responsible for creating a state of stress leading to immunosuppressant in fish and thus boosting the susceptibility to infectious diseases ( Naylor, 2000). In order to prevent large economic losses due to pathogenic infection various medications are used for prevention and treatment. These are often used as additives in fish feeds to promote growth, sometimes it is in form of bath or injections (Rico et al., 2013). The continuous and over use of the chemical base antibiotics have resulted in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria (Mirand and Zemelman 2002). It has become threats to consumer and non- target organism in the environment (Abutbul et al., 2005) newlineHowever, there are problems associated with the use of such chemicals so it is necessary to look for alternative to the synthetic drugs. Medicinal plants are the vital source of drugs from ancient time. According to (Ghoni, 1998) medicinal plants are rich source of bioactive compounds which serve as important raw material for drug production. Treatments of bacterial diseases with various herbs have been safely used widely in organic agriculture veterinary and human medicine. newlineTraditionally, a number of herbs have been widely used in veterinary and human therapy. The World Health Organization