Ecofriendly management of leaf spot Colletotrichum capsici Syd of betelvine Piper betle L

Abstract

Among the different foliar diseases of betel vine (Piper betle), leaf spot caused by newlineColletotrichum capsici Syd. is one of the major diseases, causing yield loss up to 15 to 60 per newlinecent. Hence, the present investigations were carried out in the laboratory as well as in the field newlinecondition during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The pathogen isolated from betelvine (Piper betle) newlineleaves having leaf spot was identified as Colletotrichum capsici. The pathogenicity of newlineColletotrichum capsici was proved in a lab experiment. The diseased leaves were characterized newlineby the presence in the central region of a large circular spot with broad and distinct concentric newlinezones. All soil microbe morphological data were examined on cultures grown on PDA for five newlinedays at 28°C with the help of compound microscope. newlineWhile observing microflora, few fungi were encountered, viz., Aspergillus niger, newlinePenicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Alternaria sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., and Sclerotium rolfsii. newlineOn Aspergillus niger, initially the colony was white coloured growth and then black with cottony newlinetexture. Microscopically, mycelium hyaline and septate filamentous hyphae, smooth and newlinecolorless conidiophores and dark brown spores on their conidial heads. Secondly, Penicillium newlinesp., colonies appear blue-green in colour with olivaceous. Microscopically, hyphae septate; newlineconidiophores branched, Phialides in group with brush-like clusters at the ends of the newlineconidiophores; conidia, round-ovoid shape, hyaline or pigmented, ruffian walled or smooth, in newlinechains. The third was, Trichoderma sp., concentric rings with green colour colony, grows very newlinefast. Microscopically, septate mycelium, highly branched conidiophores, phialides are typically newlineenlarged in the middle but may be cylindrical or nearly sub-globose. Conidia smooth to rough newlineappear colourless to green. Then, fourth one observed was, Alternaria sp., colonies grow rapidly, newlineblack to olivaceous-black or greyish. Microscopically, mycelium septate, and conidia newline x newlinemulticellular with transverse and long