Deciphering Culturable and Unculturable Microbial diversity of Wheat Rhizosphere of Eastern Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract

The microbial communities of the rhizospheric region of crop plants play a key role in newlineplant growth promotion, productivity and health and nutrient cycling. The present study newlineis focused on the rhizospheric microbial diversity analysis of wheat, one of the major newlinecrop in India, through culture dependent and independent (metagenomics) approaches. newlineThe wheat rhizospheric soil from different regions of Eastern Indo Gangetic Plain, newline(EIGP) i.e. Mau (25.581285 N 83.592305 E), Ghazipur (25.913824 N 83.529715 E) newlineand Ballia (25.778132 N 84.048146 E) was collected and subjected to isolation of newlinemicrobes associated with s well as metaDNA isolation sequencing using Nanopore newlineMinION followed by data analysis. A total of 28, 49 and 92 bacteria were obtained newlinefrom Mau, Ballia and Ghazipur soil samples. Based on 16S rRNA analysis it has newlineobserved that Firmicutes were the dominating microbial community in Ballia soil, and newlinesimilar result was obtained in Mau soil samples but in soil samples collected from newlineGhazipur along with Firmicutes (Bacillus) Actinomycetes species were also in good newlinepopulation number. In addition to this all the bacteria were further evaluated for their newlineplant growth promoting (PGP) attribute, and tested for zinc, phosphate, potassium newlinesolubilization, HCN, ammonia and siderophore production and estimation of Indole newlineacetic acid (IAA) production. In Ballia 66.7% Zn producer, 59.3% siderophore newlineproducer and 55.6% ammonia, were reported. Similarly, in Mau soil 75%, 60 and 53% newlinebacteria showed Siderophore ammonia, and Zn producer production potential. Beside newlinethis, majority of bacteria obtained from Ghazipur soil samples exhibited plant growth newlinepromoting attributes. On the other hand, metagenomics uncovered that dominant genera newlinein Ghazipur and Ballia soil were reported as Bacillus (4% and 5%) and Sphingomonas newline(3% each), but in Mau soil samples unlike to Ghazipur and Ballia soil Bacillus (5%), newlinewas dominant genera but followed by Candidatus Solibacter (2%). Potential plant newlinegrowth promoting bacteria were also