Conversion of biowaste of corn and lemon into hierarchical porous activated carbon electrodes for supercapacitors

Abstract

The global environmental concerns over gaseous emission on burning fossil fuels have propelled the interest in harvesting energy from renewable sources like solar, wind, and tidal energy. As most renewable energy sources are localized and not reliable, energy storage systems are essential to smooth out the intermittency of energy production. Besides, the current and futuristic advanced electronics and automotive applications viz., portable electronics, Communication electronics, high power transmission lines, Electric Vehicles (EVs) require high power and energy storage system for sustained operation. Among different energy storage technologies, batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors are promising technologies to overcome the global energy crisis. Rechargeable batteries are characterized by high specific energy but low specific power compared to supercapacitors, whereas supercapacitors possess greater energy density and capacitance than conventional capacitors high power density and life cycle compared to batteries. On the other hand, Fuel cells produce electrical energy as long as they are fed with oxidant and fuel. Interestingly, as a part of the hybrid energy storage device for Electric Vehicles (EVs), SCs protect the battery and improve the starting performance, acceleration performance, regenerative braking performance of the EVs and satisfy the requirement of peak power demand in fuel cell EVs. newlineSCs are categorized into newline