An enhanced ant colony optimization with efficient routing for optimal route selection in vehicular ad hoc networks

Abstract

The message routing task in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks newline(VANETs) is an attractive and promising field for research. In VANETs, the newlineefficiency of the routing mechanism is decreased due to the absence of central newlinecoordination, mobility of vehicles, broadcasting nature of messages, newlinebandwidth constraints, and dynamic topology. An efficient routing newlinemechanism must have the goal and capability to meet multiple routing newlinerequirements such as high throughput, maximum packet delivery, low newlineend-to-end delay, minimum packet loss, and controlled overhead for network newlinechanges. As well as the lengthy route between source and destination affects newlinethe efficiency of the routing mechanism in terms of high overhead, high newlinepacket loss rate, low packet delivery rate, and low throughput. Therefore, the newlinerouting mechanism must satisfy multiple routing requirements to provide newlineefficient routing. newlineIn this regard, to increase the efficiency of the routing mechanism newlineand to fulfill multiple routing requirements, this research proposed Ant newlineColony Optimization (ACO) based bio-inspired routing approaches named newlineEnhanced Bio-Inspired Routing Algorithm (EBIRA), Improved Distance newlineBased Ant Colony Optimization Routing (IDBACOR), and Enhanced Hybrid newlineAnt Colony Optimization Routing Protocol (EHACORP newline