Sustainable Electrodes for Rechargeable Organic Batteries Conversion of P Waste into E Wealth Devices

Abstract

The socio-economic progress in the developing nations is highly dependent on the sustainable, clean, and affordable transportation. However, the greenhouse gas emissions due to the use of fossil fuels for the transportation remain inevitable and the extended use of fossil fuels over the past many decades has resulted in significant climate change. In this crucial energy demand stage, switching to environmentally friendly energy harvest and use, such as solar and batteries, typically battery-powered electric and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) can largely prevent significant environmental harm for the following generation. One of the very famous legendary energy storage devices of the modern era, i.e., the Li-ion battery has fulfilled the energy storage demands for the past two decades through the shuttling of Li+ ions between the host and guest material due to the small ionic radius of (0.76 Å) and molecular weight of ~7 g moland#8722;1 resulting in a long lifecycle and high power/energy density. Although the Li-ion batteries fulfil the current demands, the Li reserve alarms the need for revisiting next-generation batteries, such as abundant Na reserve supports the vast supply of Na-ion batteries found in marine resources for portable electronics. In this case, only a limited number of anode materials for Na-ion batteries. Additionally, due to their high synthesis cost, toxicity, lack of availability, low specific capacity, low energy, and low power density remain Na-ion technology under vain. Organic materials or organic batteries are one of the most effective approaches to solve the aforementioned problems newline