Anti adipogenic potential of natural phytocompounds as regulators of adipocyte differentiation antioxidant status and gene expression profile on 3T3 L1 adipocytes

Abstract

Obesity one of the most serious health problems affecting people of all ages is on the rise around the world It is a strong predictor of a variety of comorbidities including heart disease insulin resistance related diabetes cancer and depression An excess accumulation of adipocytes due to adipogenesis or the development of adipocytes from precursor cells is a well coordinated process involving many signalling pathways and the transcriptional machinery which results in an increase in body weight Different cues from the intracellular and extracellular environment trigger a transcriptional cascade that results in the expression of several target genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism By acting as a fat reserve and an endocrine organ adipocytes play a critical role in maintaining energy balance Diets physical activity behavioural therapy and pharmaceutical treatments are all common weight loss treatments for obese people Anti obesity medicines have been linked to serious negative effects resulting in research focusing on the possible role of plants in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders as well as their favourable effects on lipid and glucose metabolism The current research focuses on the discovery of obesity modulators via their effect anti adipogenic and anti lipogenic effects Compounds that regulate adipogenesis and their transcription factor expression will not only help us understand the previously unknown mechanisms of these compounds but will also aid in the identification of lead compounds that could be used to combat obesity and related disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes For early screening of modulators of adipocyte differentiation a variety of naturally occurring flavonoids hesperidin HD and chrysin CR and phenolic acid syringic SYA and sinapic SIA acid were used The 3T3 L1 cell line which is an excellent model system for studying adipocyte differentiation was used to identify the anti adipogenic effect of the chosen phytocompounds When the critical dif