Antimicrobial and phytochemical constituents of plants using various Solvents

Abstract

Natural products play an important role in traditional medicine newlinearound the world. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy are the main newlineareas of natural remedies. Plants are the main source of traditional medicine newlinearound the world. The characterization of phytochemicals, the separation of newlineactive ingredients from plants, began in the late 19th century and continues to newlinethis day with wonderful discoveries. Acalypha indica, Azadirachta indica, Murraya koenigii, Lawsonia inermis, Piper longum, Acorus calamus, Corallocarpus epigeous, and newlineDiplocyclos palmatus are collected and identified with the help of newlinepractitioners. There are many biological activities described for different parts newlineof these plants. Current research aims to obtain plant extracts using a variety of newlinesolvents and perform phytochemical analysis and their antibacterial, newlinecytotoxic, and anticancer activity. Dried plant material was analyzed for newlinephysicochemical analysis of total ash, alcohol and water soluble ash, acid newlineinsoluble ash, etc. Next, the powdered plant material was hot and cold extracted with newlineethanol, methanol, and water. Thermal extraction was performed using a newlineSoxhlet extractor and cold extraction was performed by immersing the newlinepowdered plant material in a solvent for 12-24 hours. After the extraction newlineprocess, the extract was collected and the solvent was evaporated to give a newlinesemi-solid mass of the extract, which was weighed and the recovery of the newlineextract was calculated. The extract obtained by cold extraction was called a newlinecrude solvent extract and was called a Soxhlet solvent extract obtained by hot newlineextraction. All extracts were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative newlinephytochemical analysis. Qualitative analysis was performed on phenols, newlinealkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and anthraquinones. The newlineresults obtained for the analysis indicate the presence of most phytochemicals newlinein the extract. newline newline