A study on electrochemical and magnetic properties of heteroatom doped carbon based nanostructured materials for supercapacitor applications

Abstract

newlineThe carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being considered as a unique due newlineto its irreplaceable conducting nature. The carbon nanotubes are sp2 hybridized newlineone-dimensional with cylindrical hollow carbon nanostructures. The first newlineCarbon Nanotube (CNT) was invented by Sumio Iijima in1991. Generally, newlineCNTs are synthesized through Vapour Deposition (CVD). newlineThe heteroatom doped CNTs have been extensively studied in newlinevarious fields including electrocatalysts, environment protection, waste water newlinetreatment and electronics due to their tunable electronic properties and newlinetherefore offer tunable chemical reactivities. The non-metallic heteroatoms newlinesuch as P, N, S and B are the most familiar atoms which are being widely used newlinefor doping into carbon domains by the researchers due to their desirable newlineelectrical properties. Among the various heteroatoms, nitrogen could affect the newlineelectrical properties of CNTs positively by donating its lone pair of electrons newlineinto the delocalized and#960; system.The mesoporous molecular sieves such as MCM-41, MCM-48, KIT- 6 and SBA-15 with various transition metals have also been used as catalysts newlinefor the production of NCNTs. Particularly, Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA- newline15), attracts significant interest in the field of catalysis owing to irreplaceable newlineproperties such as high thermal stability, large surface area, pore diameters and newlinewall thickness than other materials. The ordered mesoporous carbon materials (OMCs) are receiving more attention among the researchers due to their inimitable properties such as newlineuniform, tailored and extremely well-ordered pore structure, flexible newlineframework composition, high thermal stability and high surface area. As newlinediscussed earlier, the heteroatom doping into carbon frame work changes its newlineelectronic structure. Commonly, two major approaches viz, nano casting /hard newlinetemplating and soft templating/direct synthesis are followed to synthesize newlineOMCs. In the CVD nanocasting method, the resultant products have controlled newlinepore structure and homogeneously incorporated heteroatom into the carbon newlinefra