Intraspecific Variations of Common Carp In Temperate and Tropical Ecosystems by Using Morphometric And Karyotypic Analysis

Abstract

Biodiversity is defined as quotthe full range of life in all its formsquot. India is a biodiversity hotspot, accounting for 60-70 percent of global biological resources. Intraspecific diversity states to a variety of genetic, morphological, physiological, and behavioral variations within a species. Intraspecific variability cannot be overlooked because it is vital to ecosystem effectiveness. The Cyprinus carpio is a strong freshwater species that survives in a range of habitats, including freshwater, temperate, and marine environments. It breeds one time in year in temperate areas, but spawns whole year in tropical waters. The scale, nude, and mirror carps have become popular in India. Cyprinus carpio is well-suited to the climate of the Kashmir Valley. The population of this species has dropped due to intensive exploitation and neglected fisheries regulations. Fish populations are in jeopardy due to climatic change. The temperature is the key reason that causes latitudinal tendencies in animal populations. Endotherms residing in colder climates and higher latitudes have bigger bodies than those living in warmer climates and lower latitudes. Cyprinus carpio is a suitable model for evaluating latitudinal patterns and testing for climate change effects. Kashmir valley is a basin in the inter-mountain depression between lesser and larger Himalayas. The Kashmir valley is home to a variety of aquatic ecosystems, both lotic and lentic. Warm summers with max temperatures of 330°C and cold winters falling within temperatures below freezing characterise the climate. River Jhelum is a 480-mile-long watercourse that originates from the Indus River (774 kilometers). It passes past Srinagar and the Wular Lake on its way to Pakistan. Madhya Pradesh state of India is rich in various aquatic ecosystems and contains 3.0 lakh hectares area of water. Bhopal is an east westerly elongated typically tropical lake. Narmada River is the longest west-flowing river in India, running through Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh