High performance antennas for UWB applications

Abstract

Tremendous growth in wireless communication, demands the need for high performance compact antennas and microwave devices in the field of RF and microwave engineering. The recent wireless communication protocols require antennas with narrow, wide and ultrawide frequency bands with higher directivity. By definition, antennas are a means to radiate or receive radio waves. There are numerous types of wire and aperture antennas newlinedesigned for different application. Microstrip and planar monopole antennas have reached their own heights to suit different compact devices of various fields of communication. They can be designed to operate in single or multiple frequency with narrow and wide bands. The faster transmission systems with higher data rate are realized with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulated Ultra Wideband (UWB) spectrum in the frequency band from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz. This fascinated the antenna engineers to design the UWB antennas for different applications like Cognitive Radio (CR) and Software Defined Radio (SDR). The planar antennas are suitable for Global Positioning System (GPS), Satellite communication, Radar communication, Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), and vehicular communication. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G technologies have created a networking environment capable of transmitting multimedia signals at a very faster rate with low latency. The present-day antenna portfolios are adaptable to portable devices and networking counterparts with certain gain and bandwidth. The wireless market requires narrow, wide and UWB operating devices with compact antenna geometries to occupy less volume in the wireless boards, transceivers and gadgets. This dissertation addresses the design of few planar UWB antenna structures which are compact in size with higher gain, improved bandwidth and band rejection properties for WLAN and WiMAX frequencies.