Development Of Platinum Free Cost effective and efficient Counter Electodes for High Performance Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Abstract

newline Non-renewable energy resources are available in limited supplies, usually because they take a long time to replenish. The non-renewable energy resources are Coal, Nuclear, Oil, Natural gas. Renewable resources, on the other hand, replenish themselves. The five major renewable energy resources are Solar, Wind, Water also called hydro, Biomass, or organic material from plants and animals. With the increasing demand of energy, the consumption of non-renewable energy resources is also increasing day by day. So, need to consider other sources of energy which is renewable. Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Sun is one of the biggest sources of renewable energy, the power from the sun is intercepted by earth is about 1.8×1011 MW, is many thousands times greater than the current power consumption from all sources. Global electricity consumption has continued to go up rapidly at a rate faster than energy consumption. Global energy demand is set to increase by 4.6% in 2021, more than offsetting the 4% contraction in 2020 and pushing demand above 2019 levels, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has said in a report. Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available. Hence, the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy became important. Solar cells are dominated by expensive solid-state photovoltaic cells. To develop an alternate efficient low cost solar cells are essential. The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is an interesting emerging technology, due to low-cost, easy to fabricate and environmentally pleasant than the conventional solid-state photovoltaic devices. The DSSC is mainly based on the cheap starting materials and inexpensive 2 fabricate process and are likely to be a significant contributor to the future commercial photovoltaic technology portfolio. DSSC mainl