Studies on the removal of pb ii and cd ii from waste water using activated carbon and nickel functional ised magnetic carbon from prosopisjuli flora

Abstract

The principal objective of this work demonstrates the treatment of heavy newlinemetal ion effluents by using cost effective adsorbents. In this research, an easily newlineavailable agricultural invasive, prosopis juliflora (PJ) was utilised as an newlineeco-friendly adsorbent. Heavy metal ions were introduced to the water bodies newlineby industries such as mining, chemical refinery, petroleum, textile, steel, newlinebattery, paint and agricultural. Besides, 30% of the heavy metal ions had newlinecontaminated the water bodies via sewage water. Subsequently, pollution of the newlinewater sources by heavy metal ions like lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, newlinemercury, selenium and silver were created severe problems through their toxic newlineeffects on all living organisms. Especially, the heavy metal ions: Pb(II) and newlineCd(II) ions induced a broad unhealthful effect on all living organisms. newlineThe Pb(II) ions were damaged the liver, kidney, renal failure, cellular processes, newlinebrain functions, nausea, cancer, coma, etc. In the same manner, Cd (II) ions were newlineallied with enzymes and reduce their activities. It causes digestion, raising blood newlinepressure and make heart cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, it affects the newlinekidneys, liver and bone marrows, etc. Consequently, the management of Pb(II) newlineand Cd(II) ions from industrial effluents have considered being vital. newlineThe elimination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions should be carried out by one of the newlinefamiliar effluent treatment processes. Hence the adsorption technique was used newlineto treat the Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Pyrolysis process converted the selected agricultural invasive waste wood (prosopis juliflora) into biochar. The precursor material was activated by steam (PJ4C) and CO2 (PJ8C). PJ8C was converted into mesoporous NiO/biochar (PJONC) composite by novel precipitation approach. The characterisation of PJONC results ensured that the accumulation of precipitated nickel oxide nanoparticles newlineon the surface of the subjected activated carbon. The textural analysis of PJ4C, newlinePJ8C and PJONC were attempted by X-ray dif