Application of optimization algorithms for siting and sizing of distributed generation in distribution networks

Abstract

The power systems aims to satisfy the demand at every sites as cost-effectively and consistently. The conventional power systems exploit the power plants, for instance coal, hydro, nuclear etc. for generating power. The operation of these plants is controlled through the centralized control center for power delivery to the transmission and Distribution Systems (DS), to satisfy the demands of the consumers. At present, these large-scale conventional power plants become weak because of the exhausting fossil fuels, augmented transmission and distribution costs, deregulations, increased environmental emissions, and technical developments. The DS offers the link amid the large-scale transmission system and the customers. A radial DS partakes the chief feeders and lateral distributors. The chief feeder instigates from substation and goes through various loads of customers. The laterals have been linked to distinct loads. Usually the radial DS have been utilized due to their easiness. The power loss in a DS is more due to low voltage and high current. The power networks are in the epoch of main evolution from steady passive DS with unidirectional power transfer to active DS with bidirectional power transfer. The radial DS with the absence of any Distributed Generations (DG) are deliberated as passive subsequently the power has been delivered by the grid to the consumers. They can be converted into active when DG have been integrated into the DS resulting to the bidirectional power flow. newlineIn an active DS the power loss is minimum than the passive DS, since the power has been produced nearer to the load center. The active DS has numerous benefits such as minimized line losses, enhanced voltage profile, minimized pollutants emission, improved efficiency, enriched power quality and relieved TandD congestion. Therefore, the utilities should plan and operate the active DS accurately. The significant advantages are minimization of line losses and enhancement of voltage stability. These are essential in defining the site and size