Surgical sterilization of captive sambar deer cervus unicolor

Abstract

Eighteen clinically healthy captive sambar stags, weighing 80-110kgs were divided into three groups, containing of 6 calves in each group, where group-A received xylazine hydrochloride at 1.5 mg/kg and and ketamine hydrochloride at 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight intramuscularly, group-B received xylazine hydrochloride at 1.5 mg/kg and tiletamine-zolazepam at 2.5mg/kg bodyweight intramuscularly and group-C received xylazine hydrochloride at 1.5 mg/kg + and azaperone at 1mg/kg bodyweight intramuscularly. newlineThe induction time and recovery time were 11.83 ± 1.07 and 36.66 ± 0.95 minutes respectively in group-A, 5.16 ± 0.30 and 59.83 ± 2.40 minutes respectively in group-B and 7.16 ± 0.30 and 45.25 ± 1.09 minutes respectively in group-C. Induction and recovery were smooth. Muscle relaxation and analgesia were good. Animals of all group exhibited signs of sedation with lowering of head, occasional bellowing, heavy upper eyelid (drowsiness), onset of salivation, reduced tail movement and signs of staggering. Polyuria was observed at recovery. newlineHeart rate decreased significantly (plt0.05) in group-A, B and C. Respiration increased significantly (plt0.01) and rectal temperature showed non-significant (pgt0.05) difference in all the three groups. Respiratory tidal volume increased non-significantly (pgt0.05) and respiratory minute volume showed high significant (plt0.01) decreased in the all the three groups.SpO2 decreased non-significantly (pgt0.05) in the group-A, B but in group-C, SpO2 increased significantly (plt0.01). Hb, TPC, TEC and TLC also decreased non-significantly (pgt0.05) in group-A, B and C. Highly significant (plt0.01) increased of PCV in group-A, B and C. ALP increased significantly (plt0.05) in group-A and C. AST decreases non-significantly (plt0.05) in group- A and C. Glucose increased significantly (plt0.05) in all the three groups. Total protein decreased non-significantly (pgt0.05) in group-A and B and decreased significantly (plt0.05) in group-C. Creatinine increased non-significantly (plt0.05) in all these three groups. B