Energy efficient multi hop routing Protocol for wireless sensor network Using hybrid optimization algorithm to Improve lifetime and quality of service

Abstract

Technology advancement in the electronics industry leads the vast development of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to variety of applications especially the development in the field of Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) technology for Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication process. The WSN incorporates three major functional units to complete its task. The core functional units are (1) the Environmental sensing Unit (2) the Data Processing Unit and (3) The Communication Unit. The sensing circuit has been designed to sense the environmental parameters like temperature, pressure, humidity and more. The sensed data are processed by the data processing circuit. The sensed signals are converted into a standard form which is measurable and connectable by the processing unit. The processed data are communicated to the destination by the communication unit. newlineThe sensor nodes are deployed in hazardous environments and they are operated by isolated battery sources. Network connectivity is purely based on power availability which impacts on network lifetime. Hence, power must be used wisely to prolong the network lifetime. In the sensor nodes, the communication circuit takes most of the power requirements for its functionality. For the energy management in WSN, the sensor nodes are grouped as clustering of nodes. One among the sensor nodes in a cluster is selected as cluster head. All the sensor nodes communicate with the cluster head within the cluster. Then, the cluster head aggregates all the data from that cluster. The consolidated data are communicated to the base station or nearest cluster head by an ad-hoc manner. Selecting the cluster head and choosing the forwarding path play pivotal roles in the lifetime of WSN for controlling the energy utility. This process of data transmission from the source to the destination is referred to as routing in WSN. newline