An Active Evaluation of Routing Protocols in VANET over a Secured Communication Framework

Abstract

iv newlineAbstract newlineVANET- Vehicular Ad-hoc Network is a specialised wing of MANET- Mobile Ad-hoc newlineNetwork and is one of the vital constituents of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). In newlineVANETs, every node (vehicle) has wireless communication capability through OBU- On newlineBoard Unit that has an access to the GPS- Global Positioning System . Certain optional newlinesensors aid in sensing the vehicle s condition. The information dissemination happens not newlineonly through the participating vehicles but also through certain access points called RSUs- newline Road Side Units . In other words, any information gets propagated either through the ad-hoc newlinenetwork of vehicles or through an infrastructure grounded network. It is possible to form an newlinead-hoc network as every vehicle is capable of playing the role of a network router. The newlinetechnological revolutions in the field of wireless communications both in terms of cost and newlineefficiency has led to rapid growth in VANET applications. These applications are aimed at newlinefacilitating two types of communications: 1) V2V- Vehicle-to-Vehicle and V2I- Vehicleto- newlineInfrastructure . VANET environment is congenial to host safety and non-safety related newlineapplications. VANET applications are tailored to provide protection for vehicles, facilitate newlineeffective traffic management, automate the toll collection process, improve the quality of newlinenavigation of vehicles through routes, assist in locating useful services within the proximity newlineof the vehicle such as cafeteria, motels, fuel pumps, hospitals, police stations, internet newlinehotspots etc. newlineWAVE- Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments is the communication standard meant newlinefor VANETs. It has extensions to 802.11 that facilitate communication in vehicular newlineenvironments. Any data exchange in VANETs happens among vehicles and RSUs. The IEEE newline802.11p is the standard used for DSRC- Dedicated Short Range Communication . It is a newlinedraft standard developed on the top of IEEE 802.11 which operates in 5.9 GHz band and newlinespecifies several services meant for V2V communication. Its p