Anti opphidian efficacy of salvia leucantha cav leaves extracts against naja naja venom

Abstract

Snake bite is a global tropical and sub tropical health problem affecting millions newlineof people. Early in 2009, snake-bite was included in the WHO s list of neglected tropical newlinediseases. Ethno-medicinal plant extracts and their isolated compounds have newlinedemonstrated significant inhibitory effect against various snake venom PLA2s enzymes newlineactivities, this reveals the potential use of these phytochemicals in the development of newlinenew anti-snake therapies In the present Study, Salvia leucantha Cav. plant leaves used to newlineextract the bio active compounds using various solvent extractions (Petroleum ether, newlineChloroform, Ethyl acetate, Methanol, Ethanol and Aqueous Solution). Preliminary newlinePhytochemical analysis of S. leucantha revealed the presence of secondary metabolites newlinesuch as Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins, Water soluble carbohydrates. newlineQuantitative analysis methanolic extract was observed maximum phenolic content 75.38 newline± 0.41 mg GAE/g, maximum tannin content 69.15 ± 0.75 mg TAE/g and maximum newlineflavonoid content 70.05 ± 1.16 mg QE/g. In the HPLC analysis of Methanolic extract, newlineSalvianolic acid B was detected at retention time 23.025min. GC-MS analysis revealed newlinethe number of major compounds in various solvent extractions of S. leucantha leaves. In newlinethe methanolic extract Salvianolic acid B, Rosmarinic acid, Caffeic acid. In vitro newlineneutralization studies, Hyaluronidase inhibition potential of the plant extract was found newlineto be as follows- 75.17%, 73.14% and 70.15% Salvianolic acid B, methanolic extract and newlineASV respectively. In acetylcholine esterase inhibition studies, methanolic plant extract newlineinhibited 75.14% and Salvianolic acid B inhibited 78.12%, Phosphomonoesterases and newlinePhosphodiesterases inhibition results, Methanolic extract inhibited 76.19%, 73.19 and newlineSalvianolic acid inhibited 78.03% and 75.06% respectively. Whereas ASV inhibited 71. newline89% and 72.16%. Salvianolic acid B inhibited 79.16% of 5 nucleotidase enzyme when newlinecompared with ASV (72.14%) and methanolic extract (77.2%). Toxicity lethal dose was newlineobserved en