Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of w n Codoped zno based heterojunction composites Doping coupling and dye degradation Under solar light irradiation

Abstract

Water is one of the most imperative factors which sustain all living beings. It newlineis a well-known fact that approximately 3% of water present in the earthand#8223;s crust is newlineavailable as fresh-water (or drinkable water) [1]. However, it should be emphasized newlinethat this small percentage of water is mostly concentrated in regions not possible for newlineutilization, for example, those present as glaciers, ice caps, etc. Henceforth, only newlineabout 0.25% of this freshwater is practically available in accessible forms [1]. The newlinefate of billions of creatures living on the planet is, therefore, rested on such a small newlinemathematical value. Humans are the most advanced forms of life. Humans can newlinecreate, sustain as well as destroy. newlineTo reach new horizons of scientific growth, rapid industrial and newlinetechnological developments, amongst others, have markedly changed the global newlinestandards. However, humans are ignorant about the cost being paid by mother newlinenature. Further, these escalations in manufacturing industries together with newlinepopulation growth have led to an intensification or ever-increasing demand for newlinefreshwater. The percentage of freshwater as required in agriculture, industry, and newlinedomestic sectors may be approximated to consume 70%, 22%, and 8%, respectively newline[2]. newlineIn recent years, deterioration in water quality due to increased amounts of newlinetoxic effluents being discarded is posing a problem to fulfill the general water newlinedemand. newline