Enhancement of drought resilience in red kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris L through bio priming

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of chitosan as seed priming and foliage spray inPhaseolus vulgarisL.with restricted irrigations on various physiological and biochemical indices. In vitro studies for optimization of effective chitosan concentration by inducing stress with various concentrations of PEG 6000 was conducted on five different red kidney bean varieties (Arjun, Uday and Utkarsh, VLRajma63 and BR 104). Chitosan of 0.25 %as seed priming enhanced drought resilience with an accumulation of various osmolytes(Total Soluble Sugar, Proline, Glycine betaine).Biochemicals and enzymesrelated to the proline-associated pentose phosphate pathwaywas studied under rainout shelter in polybags under 50, 30 and 20 percent irrigation. Antioxidantenzymes were found to increase as evident from studied enzymes and Native PAGE. SDS-PAGE of leaf proteins also expounded new polypeptides ranging from69.8 to 9.9 kDa. Foliar spray at pod filling stage enhanced the antioxidants and antioxidant potentials along with enzymes like Phenylalanine ammonia lyase,Tyrosine ammonia lyase,Polyphenol oxidaseand PAPPPlinked enzymes viz.Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,Succinate dehydrogenase,Proline dehydrogenase and Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase.The seeds obtained from various treatments were studied for health-benefitting nutrients. The LC-MS/MS revealed seven hydroxycinnamic acid and eleven hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives of phenolic acids which are representatives of the Shikimic acid pathway. Four different anthocyanins (pelargonidin,cyanidin, delphinidin and malvidin) andfifteen flavonoids were reported with the highest concentration of quercetin,naringenin and luteolin. Fifteen different sugars with high fructose in all treatmentswere profiled. Twenty one minerals were found in seeds from all treatments usingICP-OES. LC-MS/MSprofiling of aminoacid could reveal21 aminoacids with major contributions of glutamate, alanine, phenylalanine and threonine. and#945;-amylase and and#945;- glycosidase inhibition activity was more which inhib