A study on the changes in the educational status and women empowerment in the out migrant rural families of southern part of west bengal

Abstract

Migration of people from one place to another is a reality of human livelihood newlinewhich is influenced by economic, social, political, geographical and environmental factors. newlineMigration in India is mostly of two types, one is Long-term migration, resulting in the newlinerelocation of an individual or household and another is Short-term or seasonal/ circular newlinemigration, involving back and forth movement between a source and destination. newlineThe Census of India is mainly concerned with current and permanent migration and newlineseasonal or short-term flows of labour migration are still out of the purview of the census newlineof India. newlineIn National Sample Survey 64 th round, information was collected regarding the newlineshort-term movements of the population, who had stayed away from the village for a period newlineof one month or more but less than six months during the last 365 days for employment or newlinein search of employment. newlineNSSO estimated that in 2007-08, a total of 12.58 million short-term migrants lived newlinein rural India. As per the survey of 64 th round, NSSO established that 4.35 per cent of the newlinerural workforce is short-term out-migrants. newlineShort-term migration has an important role in changing of livelihood, it is newlineinterchangeably dealing with circular, seasonal and spontaneous migration where a person newlinetries to multiple family earning through seasonal or circular movement. In most of the cases newlineof short-term migration male members of the working age group of the households newlinegenerally opt for, while women and elder members remain at homestead lands. newlineSince the colonial time industrial growth in Kolkata and in its surrounding area has newlineattracted rural people so, from the outset, there was a flow of inward migration has been newlineobserved. But the scenario has changed a lot during last two decades. newlineSome studies found that, West Bengal is playing the role of a migrant-sending state newlinenot only in terms of highly skilled professionals, also increasing population who were newlineshifting away from agriculture to casual employment (Ghosh, 2016).