Physiological insights of an aquatic fern azolla pinnata R BR under herbicidal stress

Abstract

The natural or anthropogenic activities are the two major sources of newlineenvironmental pollutions. It is inevitable that out of human civilizations and its newlineoutburst population would be hazardous for upcoming future by few ways: the newlinedemand for food and the in-adequacy of land for cultivation. In a worldwide newlinesurvey the cultivable land is under anthropogenic pollutions covers almost 20 - newline30% of total global scenario. A number of pollutants either organic or inorganic newlineforms in different molecular states are serious hazards to encroach the soil fertility newlineand concomitant distortions of soil configuration. Though it is the agricultural newlinewastes that are undoubtedly unavoidable for soil contamination, still, a continuous newlinethirst in remedy processes have been in practice since long back. Among the newlineagricultural waste it is the herbicides that never could be avoided for its usefulness newlinein weed management. From the view of non-point pollution may cover the newlineherbicides since its metabolism within or/and outside the plants could involve the newlinepaths that may circumvent either in partial accumulation from the soil or in any newlinechanged chemical forms. Therefore, the non-point pollution may be an example newlineby the herbicidal toxicity in soil. It is the world population growth coupled with newlinefood insecurity out of crop failure by weeds or pest infestans have been in use of newlinemore herbicides. It is quite serious that despite of increase in crop yield through newlineherbicide exercise, the ecological balance through infecting water bodies in a newlinemore non-degradable form. Therefore, addressing the problem of indiscriminate newlineand elevated use of herbicide which imparts a vulnerablability of the environment newlineas well as biodiversity and therefore, the possible remedies should be in quest. newline