Nazia fathima S M

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a silent bone disease that occurs when the bone density newlinedecreases, that decreases the bone strength and increases the risk of fractures. newlineOsteoporosis is the major cause of fractures in postmenopausal women and older newlinemen. The common sites of fractures are the hip, spine and wrist. Osteoporosis has newlinebecome an undeniably predominant public issue as it causes morbidity, mortality newlineand decreases quality of life. It has been estimated that approximately 50% of newlinewomen suffer from an osteoporotic fracture during their lifetime. All fractures newlineresult in some degree of morbidity with hip fractures results in worst outcomes. newlineConsidering the consequences of osteoporosis, in this research work, a newlinecomprehensive survey has been conducted on several methods involved in newlineosteoporosis detection in various image modalities. The methodologies are newlineradiographic techniques, bone markers and invasive techniques. Among the newlinevarious kind of radiographic techniques, X-ray absorptiometric is a frequently newlineused method. In this method, DEXA is currently the standard method for newlinemeasuring Bone Mineral Density. However, DEXA has certain limitations such newlineas no normative databases for all DEXA devices, high device cost, limited newlineaccessibility and availability. newline