An adaptive traffic load and sleep scheduling based zone routing protocol to augment the lifetime and stability for mobile adhoc network

Abstract

Currently, ubiquitous smart devices with embedded sensors are newlinepaving the way for Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) which enable users newlineto communicate directly, in many smart applications. In such smart newlineenvironments, designing and implementing energy efficient routing protocols newlinebecomes crucial to prolong the life time of the network and stability of the newlinenode in the network. The significance of network lifetime is more precise, newlinesince every node has to perform the functions of a router, if some nodes die newlineearly due to lack of energy, it will not be possible for other nodes to newlinecommunicate with each other. Hence, the network will get disconnected and newlinethe network lifetime will be adversely affected by then communication of any newlinefiles between the nodes gets dropped. The benefits of stability of the node in newlinethe network can also prolong the lifetime of the network and can reduce the newlinererouting frequency in the network. Whenever the node in the network is newlinestable then it can able to transfer as well receive large files and certainly very newlinemuch suitable in Real time Applications. Thus aiming to improve the lifespan newlineand node stability of a network, this research work proposes two newlinemethodologies, firstly Energy Efficient and load Balance Zone Routing newlineProtocol with Sleep Scheduling for MANET (EELB-ZRP) to maximize the newlinelifetime of the network by electing promising zone leader and that minimize newlinethe variance of the remaining energy of nodes in the network and secondly newlineproposes an Adaptive Fidelity Energy Efficient Zone Routing Protocol newline(AFZRP) which reduces the energy consumption reasonably for node newlineactivities including idle listening, retransmission of packets, collision and newlineoverhearing. Outcome of the proposed EELB-ZRP achieves better throughput newlineand packet transmission ratio with lower energy consumptions. Also the newlineAFZRP method shows better performance which can preserve 60% of energy newlineunder low density of nodes and 48% of energy under the high density of newlinenodes and thus ensures its suitability for wide range of applications. newline