Performance analysis of congestion control using density based dynamic clustering in vehicular ad hoc networks

Abstract

VANETs act as an essential component of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). VANETs are capable of providing connectionless communication between mobile nodes (vehicles) and static nodes such as Road Side Units (RSU), Base Station Units (BSU), etc. to enhance the safety and comfort of vehicles on the highways or in urban environments. Many standards have been defined specifically for vehicular communications, and plenty of research work has been carried out in the world on these aspects. Challenges in the VANET domain come in the form of network detection, congestion control and management, routing, collective signal and information analysis and processing, and security. Due to the rapid growth in wireless communications, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) face many challenges over wireless communication networks. Nowadays, VANETs have become a major research area and have incredible resources to improve road traffic efficiency, safety, convenience, and comfort for both drivers and passengers. newlineCongestion in VANET occurs when the vehicles are in the dense part while the network node is carrying more data than it can handle. More vehicles in cluster areas are attempting to broadcast simultaneously in dense conditions, which in turn will reduce packet delivery ratio (PDR), thus resulting in congestion. The proposed research work primarily deals with the background of the vehicular ad-hoc network. Then we analysed existing research work related to congestion in VANETs and clustering. Then we studied the relationship between the vehicle node and network congestion. Our research results proved that network congestion increases with the increasing density of vehicles in a particular region. newline