Synthesis and Characterization of Green Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Spodoptera litura F and Callosobruchus chinensis L

Abstract

Green synthesis nanoparticles are being exploited in management of major crop newline/ storage pests. Plant extracts being ecofriendly and easily available can be an effective newlinealternative for the large scale synthesis of Green nanoparticles. Hence the present study newlinewas carried out to synthesise and characterize green nanoparticles to study their effect newlineon Spodoptera litura (F.) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). newlineCarissa carandas (L.) fruit extract and Hing exduate, Ferula asafetida (L.) newlineextract was used for the synthesis of green AgNPs. The sunlight exposure method was newlineeffective for synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. The UV-Vis absorption peak was newlinerecorded at 420-425 nm for AgNPs. The particle size of synthesized nanoparticles was newlinebelow 100 nm and the shape varied from spherical to irregular. newlineThe treated check, emamectin benzoate 5 % SG was significantly superior over newlineall other treatments with cent per cent mortality within 24 hours after treatment (HAT) newlineand 48 HAT for early and late instars of S.litura respectively. Similarly malathion 50 newlineEC caused cent per cent mortality of adult beetles of C.chinensis within 1 day after newlinetreatment (DAT) and 3 DAT. However, Neem leaf based CuNps was highly toxic to newlineboth S.litura and C.chinensis followed by Hing AgNPs, C.carandas AgNPs and G.max newlineAgNPs. Irrespective of the nanoparticles used the early instars were more susceptible newlinethan late instars.The use of green AgNPs caused characteristic symptoms of newlinesluggishness, inactiveness, refusal to feed (especially from third instar onwards) newlineresulting in physiological abnormalities viz., larval, pupal, larval-pupal deformity and newlinelarval death. The larval skin became soft, the body swollen resulting in lysis and oozing newlineout of body contents eventually leading to death. Use of nanoparticles against newlineC.chinensis enhanced the germination percentage of greengram seeds. newlineShelf life studies indicated that Hing AgNPs was stable than C.carandas fruit newlinebased AgNPs. However, both the nanoparticles were equally effective in their newlinebioefficacy over different