Insect Pest Natural Enemy Dynamics and Associated Studies on Etl And Induced Resistance in Conventional Conservation and Organic Farming Systems

Abstract

newline The present study on insect pest-natural enemy dynamics and associated studies newlineon ETL and induced resistance in conventional, conservation and organic farming newlinesystems was conducted at UAS, Dharwad during 2016-17. Shannon s weaver index (H) newlineand Simpson index (D) of general biodiversity of insects were calculated and analyzed newlinefor above ground insect diversity. Among the three farming systems, organic farming newlinerecorded the higher H and D diversity indices (H=0.627, D= 0.444) followed by newlineconservation agriculture (H=0.575, D= 0.405) and the least was seen in conventional newlinefarming (H=0.422, D=0.335). In all the crops, viz., soybean, groundnut, rabi sorghum newlineand wheat, highest diversity index (both richness and evenness) was observed in organic newlinefarming (H=0.857, D= 0.544) (H=0.748, D= 0.507) (H=0.552, D= 0.465) and newline(H=0.352, D= 0.259), respectively and least diversity index was recorded in newlineconventional farming (H= 0.633, D=0.433),(H= 0.565, D= 0.346) (H= 0.317, D= 0.383) newlineand (H=0.174, D= 0.178). newlineSignificant diversity of pest and beneficial insects was observed on the crop newlinedepending on level of pesticide usage. Low pesticide usage patterns did not have any newlineadverse effect on the pest and natural enemy diversity. newlineBiochemical characters in soybean and groundnut like total sugars and proline newlinerevealed significant positive relationship with incidence of defoliators but phenols was newlineobserved to have significant and negative relationship. These accumulated bio-chemical newlineconstituents and their quantities in plant tissues impart resistance v/s pests in crops. newlineThe insecticide residues detected were Allethrin-3,4 (Bioallethrin), Butachlor newline(0.005 mg/kg) in both organic and inorganic samples of bhendi and cabbage. The newlinetomato and gauva samples collected from inorganic and organic farmers were newlinecontaminated with only one insecticide Allethrin-3,4 (Bioallethrin). The causes of newlineresidues in organic foods are multifold and needs to be addressed case by case. But the newlineoutcome of present research that organic foods do contain residues