Anodic synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes on Titanium for biomedical applications

Abstract

Reconstruction or replacement of bones like hip, knee, tooth, jaw type or any kind of bone newlinereplacements involve materials with high end functional properties. The material must withstand newlineand adapt to the human inner environmental conditions. Interactions with human blood newlineor tissue, attachment with bone and tissue growth are the main critical issues the material needs newlineto adapt inside the human body. Chemical features like blood plasma reaction, cell interaction, newlinedrug delivery and adoptable toxic release should be considered in choosing the material newlinefor placing it inside the body. Physical considerations like cell-material-cell attachment, material newlineto bone growth and corrosion resistance are also considerable properties of an material. newlineMechanical properties such as sudden or gradual load, experienced for long periods are some newlineof the requirements of the material. Titanium and its alloys are highly preferred nowadays newlinefor biomedical applications. Higher strength to weight ratio compared to other materials like newlinestainless steel, cobalt-chromium and magnesium makes titanium the highly preferred material. newlineThere are difficulties as well in using titanium for biomedical applications. Inside the newlinebody the plain untreated material releases the toxic chemical and the human cells are easily newlineaffected. This may lead to difficulty in attachment with bone/cell and corrosion of the material. newlineTo avoid all of these problems, surface treatment of the material is often carried out. Surface newlinemodification of titanium his done by using different techniques like sol-gel, hydrothermal synthesis, newlinePhysical vapor deposition, Chemical vapor deposition and electrochemical anodization. newlineCompared to all the other techniques the electrochemical anodization is a unique, simple and newlinecost-effective process. Fabrication of anodic TiO2 nanotubes is highly preferred for biomedical newlineapplications because of simplicity of the process. Forming TiO2 nanotubes on a titanium substrate newlinematerial by electrochemical anodic oxidation is a high-quality and economically fea