Enhancing quality of service in wireless sensor network by using forager bees intelligence based cognitive spectrum sensing and allocation

Abstract

New technology in cognitive sensor networks provides wireless sensor newlinenetworks with cognitive capabilities. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a newlinegroup of spatially dispersed, dedicated sensors used to monitor and record newlinecollected data such as temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, and newlinepressure in a central location in a wireless sensor network. Then, they send newlinethe collected data to the user via the gateway, the Internet, or any newlinecommunication channel. WSNs operate in an unlicensed band Industrial, newlineScientific and Medical (ISM) of 2.4 GHz. The same spectrum band is shared newlineby other wireless devices like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It allows interference and newlinecollision among WSN nodes which degrades the performance of WSN. To newlineovercome the challenges in WSN, Cognitive Radio is integrated with wireless newlinesensor Nodes. So that packet losses and packet delay are reduced and the newlinelifetime of WSNs is maximized by avoiding packet retransmission and newlineenhancing the Quality of Service (QoS) in WSN. newlineTraditional Static Spectrum Access (SSA) is ineffective in utilizing the newlineavailable spectrum effectively. Moreover, there is a tremendous progression newlinein device models and connections, ultimately urging for more channels and newlinebandwidth requirements. Therefore, Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) has newlineemerged as an advantageous technique for overcoming the deficiency of SSA. newlineCognitive Radio Networks (CRN) can be licensed to enable efficient newlinespectrum sharing between Primary Users (PUs) and unlicensed Secondary newlineUsers (SUs). The licensed user refers to the licensed spectrum band, which newlinemeans that the spectrum is free to allow unauthorized or secondary users who newlinedo not subscribe for it. Secondary users are primary users who do not cause newlineharmful interference. The SU can recognize the real-time spectral usage of the newlineprimary user. newline