Phytochemical and Neuroprotective Evaluation of Root Extract of Cyclea peltata Lam

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are diseases that affect the central and peripheral nervous systems. NDDs can arise due to several factors, such as injury of the nervous system, ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal protein deposition in neural tissue, autoimmune mediated neuronal loss and viral or prion infections. Depending on the site affected, the neuronal loss, gliosis or demyelination can lead to motor deficits, behavioral disturbances and cognitive decline. NDDs of the brain can be characterized by memory loss or personality changes, impaired movement capacity and attention deficits, weakness and cognitive decline. Fluoride is the second major contaminant of drinking water. Fluoride toxicity is a chief concern in the endemic areas where an elevated amount of fluoride is present in ground water. Oxidative stress has been proposed to be one of the mechanisms of fluoride induced toxicity. Antioxidant rich plants have been found to alleviate fluoride induced toxicity. Many drugs available for NDDs, but they are symptomatic relief only, that do not alter the total mechanism of such diseases. Nature must be cured of NDDs with effective medications. People nowadays are interested in organic products made from herbal plants. The phytochemical and neuroprotective effects of a Cyclea peltata Lam. Root extract (90 percent v/v Ethanol) against fluoride-induced endotoxemia in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were investigated in this study. Previously, a lot of research had been done on this plant, save for fluoride-induced neurotoxicity, as well as behavioural and biochemical changes. We can conclude from the research exists that Ethanol Extract of Cyclea peltata (EECP) could be a viable candidate for fluoride-induced brain injury, which could be due to the presence of powerful antioxidants in EECP. The findings of this study prompted more research into the active constituents of EECP, with the hope that molecular modeling will lead to novel therapeutic techniques derived from nature.