Studies on algorithms based on FDTD and PSO for applications in computer generated hologram

Abstract

The desire for low-cost solutions in Data Encryption and Storage, Photovoltaic, newlineHolographic Couplers, and optical elements, among other applications, drove the newlineresearchers to develop a suitable component that can be substituted with a low-cost one. newlineWe discovered that there is one common component in all of these applications, which is newlinea hologram. The produced interference pattern is captured on a recording plate, and the newlinehologram is formed experimentally. Because of its low cost and light weight, we newlineconsidered replacing this recorded hologram with a Computer Generated Hologram newline(CGH). In the case of CGH, the object is represented by an array of points or a newlinemathematical description of a wave-front. Before we could advise replacing the recorded hologram with a CGH, we had a newlinefew questions: newlineand#61623; Can the diffraction efficiency of a CGH match that of its recorded newlinecounterpart? Can it be used to amplify and redirect light signals using optical newlinefibre in holographic couplers? newlineand#61623; Can it be utilized as a low-cost, simple-to-implement, and straightforward newlineencryption technique? newlineand#61623; Can the coupler and beam splitter circuits found in Photonic Integrated newlineCircuits (PICs) be improved? newlineand#61623; Is the structure indicated in our third question capable of delivering the newlinerequisite transmission efficiency? These questions led to four other dimensions of inquiry, and we proceeded to look newlinefor answers to these questions. newlineand#61623; We demonstrated that a CGH can be tuned using Particle Swarm Optimization newline(PSO) to reach desired diffraction efficiency and presented a new objective newlinefunction for PSO so that the optimized CGH may be employed in holographic couplers in our first published research publication. FDTD simulations were newlineused to verify the suggested algorithm. newline