Stadarization Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Some Selected Medicinal Plants for Antiinflammatory and Wound Healing Activities

Abstract

Inflammation is normal and necessary protective response to the harmful stimuli such as infectious agents, antigen-antibody reactions, thermal, chemical, physical agents, and ischemia (Goldyne et al., 1984). It is caused by a variety of stimuli, including physical damage, UV irradiation, microbial attack, and immune reactions. The classical key features of inflammation are redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Inflammation cascades can lead to the development of diseases such as chronic asthma, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. Many of these diseases are debilitating and are becoming increasingly common in our ageing society. Rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis are the major inflammatory diseases affecting people worldwide (Woolf and Pfleger 2003). Inflammation is the primary response to infection or injury that functions to clear the injurious material or agent and promote tissue repair. It is characterized by the sequential release of mediators including; bioactive amines, eicosanoids, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that regulate increased vascular permeability and recruitment of blood borne leukocytes. Increased vascular permeability also results in extra-vasation of plasma proteins that further amplify the inflammatory reaction. Inflammation is essentially a salutary response that normally resolves with the restoration of normal tissue structure and function, however when inflammation persists it can cause tissue damage and loss of function