Effect of synthesis parameters on nanofluid thermo physical properties and its application

Abstract

Heat transfer is important in numerous industrial applications like newlinemetal, electronic, automobile, polymer industries etc. In heat transfer newlineapplications, heating/cooling processes are carried out via some heat transfer newlinedevices like evaporators, condensers, heat sinks, heat exchangers, etc. The newlinemajor challenge in front of industries is to design a compact heat transfer newlinedevice which is able to provide a high rate of heat transfer by consumption of newlineminimum power for their operation. Several types of basefluid such as newlineethylene glycol, engine oil, water, ethanol, kerosene, methanol etc. are utilized newlinefor increasing the heat transfer efficiency in numerous engineering newlineapplications. But these basefluid have several drawbacks. One of those major newlinedrawbacks is the low thermal conductivity of these basefluid which results in newlinelower heat transfer performance. Several studies have been done on the newlinethermal conductivity of microfluids and millifluids. But, the application of newlinemicrofluids or millifluids in heat transfer was very limited due to lack of newlinestability. newlineScientists have explored a novel generation of heat transfer fluid newlinetermed as nanofluid with better thermal conductivity to overcome this newlinesignificant disadvantage. Nanofluid is a mixture of nanometre-size particles newlineand different basefluid. Nanoparticles can be of metal, metal oxides, metal newlinecarbides or carbon nanotubes. High thermal conductivity of nanofluid is newlinecrucial role for enhanced heat transfer. It is reported that thermal conductivity newlineof nanofluid is dependent upon various factors like size, concentration, shape, newlinematerial and aspect ratio of nanoparticles, temperature, pH, basefluid, newlinesurfactants, etc. Viscosity of nanofluid also plays a very important role newlinebecause viscosity directly affects the power to pump the fluid from one newlinelocation to another. newlineIn addition to thermo-physical properties of nanofluid, long-term newlinestability of nanofluid is also required for heat transfer applications. The major newlinereason which influences stability of nanofluid is