Design and analysis of microstrip antenna using metamaterial

Abstract

newline The present advancements in semiconductor manufacturing technology, from micro to nano, led to the miniaturization of electronic circuits. This advancement has contributed to the construction of integrated wireless systems. An antenna is the most important component of any communication device, and it is integrated with the main electronics of the wireless systems, spacecraft, satellites, and aircraft. Microstrip patch antenna was first conceptualized by Deschamps in the early 1950s. However, it takes nearly two decades for its practical implementation in the wireless industry. However, a conventional microstrip patch antenna has several limitations such as low gain, narrow operating bandwidth, single band operation, fixed operating bands, etc., and to address these shortcomings, various techniques have been suggested over the years. An array configuration can be used to increase the gain and power handling limits. Since microstrip antennas have inherent limitations in terms of compactness, the emphasis has been shifted to the development of new electromagnetic metamaterials and their incorporation into antenna configuration. Using metamaterials, compact-sized antennas can be developed that can easily fit in the available space and improve the performance of electrically small antennas . newlineIn this work, the integration of metamaterial with a patch antenna is studied and evaluated for narrow bandwidth and multiband operation. RF PIN diodes are embedded with the antenna geometry to reconfigure its attributes, such as frequency, pattern, and polarization to meet the multifunctional demands of modern wireless devices. Furthermore, an antenna with diverse radiation patterns is an excellent choice for encountering co-channel interference as it can direct most of the energy in the desired direction. MIMO antenna designs with meta-resonators/structures are developed to meet the high data speed requirements. Various novel geometries of meta-resonators/structures are investigated to design multiband and multi