Vitis vinifera Black grapes Skin Extract Punica granatum Pomegranate Fruit Extract Hibiscus rosa sinensis Hibiscus Flower Extract and Aster chinensis Aster Flower Extract as an Alternative to Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain in Routine Histopathology Staining

Abstract

Aim: To assess the usefulness of Vitis vinifera (Black grapes) newlineskin extract, Punica granatum (Pomegranate) fruit extract, newlineHibiscus rosa-sinensis (Hibiscus) flower extract and Aster newlinechinensis (Aster) flower extract as an alternative to newlineHematoxylin and Eosin stain in routine Histopathology newlinestaining. newlineMaterials and Methods: Dye components from Vitis vinifera newline(Black grapes) skin, Punica granatum (Pomegranate) fruit, newlineHibiscus rosa-sinensis (Hibiscus) flower and Aster chinensis newline(Aster) flower were extracted. The four organic stains and newline newlineHematoxylin and Eosin stain were used to stain tissue blocks newlinecontaining mucosa, muscle, gland, lymph node and newlinedecalcified bone. The slides were evaluated for the nuclear newlinedetails, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, uniformity and newlineartefacts by a blinded pathologist. Chi-square test was done newlineto check the statistical significance. newlineResults: Vitis vinifera (Black grapes) skin, Punica granatum newline(Pomegranate) fruit, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Hibiscus) flower newlineextracts were nuclear stains while Aster chinensis (Aster) newlineflower was a cytoplasmic stain. Among all the stains, Vitis newlinevinifera showed best nuclear staining, followed by Punica newlinegranatum staining. The cytoplasmic staining of Aster newlinechinensis and the nuclear staining of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis newlinewas not comparable to hematoxylin and Eosin. newlineConclusion: Vitis vinifera (Black grapes) skin extract and crude newlineextract of Punica granatum (Pomegranate) fruit showed nuclear staining newlinecomparable to hematoxylin. The aqueous Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extract newlineshowed inferior staining compared to hematoxylin. Aqueous Aster newlinechinensis stain showed cytoplasmic staining, however it was not newlinecomparable to H and E staining newline