Investigation on Small Antenna for 5g Applications

Abstract

Presently, wireless devices are playing a progressive role in the society, agriculture newlinemonitoring, industries, and daily requirements in terms of data information newlinecollection/distribution. The wireless devices such as smart phones, portable/handheld newlinecomputers, smart watches, and other electronic gadgets are widely used in commercial newlinesector, education sector, and defense sector. The deployment from simple voice newlinecommunication to video calling and number of device connectivity is based on evolution of newlinetechnologies. The present fourth generation (4G) technology have some limitations in terms newlineof small bandwidth, limited device connectivity as up to 4000 devices per square kilometer, newlinenon-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication, and low data rate upto 1 gigabit per second newline(Gbps). It is not suitable for real time communication due to low latency of around 20-30 newlinemillisecond. Therefore, fifth generation (5G) technology is an application enabled platform newlinethat foster the future wireless mobile network due to its wide bandwidth and high data rate newlineup to 20 Gbps. The 5G technology spectrum is classified as Sub-1 GHz, Sub-6 GHz, and newlinemillimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands. newlineAntenna is an elementary component for 5G mm-Wave communication to realize large newlinebandwidth, data rate upto 20 Gbps, and ultra-low latency. At mm-wave frequency band, newlinesignal fading issue due to poor weather condition can be resolved by using high gain and newlinecircularly polarized antennas. To meet the requirement of 5G communication, various planar newlineantennas have been designed, fabricated and experimentally characterized in this thesis.newline newline