Molecular evaluation of Chitosan nanoparticles mediated curcumin and quercetin Delivery against pathogen induced oxidative stress in Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Maintaining constant optimal environmental condition in aquaculture farming newlinecan be challenging. Trivial changes in the farming environment and pathogen invasion newlinecan induce oxidative stress in animals. Pathogen infections in shrimps trigger the release newlineof reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a part of immune response. The excessive newlineaccumulation of ROS causes the production of oxidative stress, which leads to oxidative newlinedamage of the biomolecules in the host cells. The inclusion of dietary antioxidants is newlineknown to mitigate oxidative stress and stimulate immunity. Curcumin and quercetin are newlineantioxidants, which are well-known countermeasure against ROS with its remarkable newlineradical scavenging property. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been recently newlineexplored as a potential drug carrier to enhance the bioavailability of drugs with poor newlineaqueous solubility. To surge their bioavailability, curcumin and quercetin were newlineencapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, incorporated in shrimp feed pellets and delivered newlineorally to Vibrio harveyi challenged and non-challenged Litopenaeus vannamei to bolster newlinethe immune system of the organisms against oxidative stress. newlineIn order to employ CSNPs for curcumin and quercetin delivery, a superlative newlinemethod of CSNPs synthesis for application in aquaculture through aquaculture based newlinetoxicology screening methods was investigated. Two different methods were analysed: newlineone a direct ionic gelation method (A) and another involving a low molecular weight newlinechitosan (LMWCS) microparticle intermediate method (B). It was deduced that a newlinecomparatively reduced toxicity of CSNPs derived from ionic gelation method, makes it newlinemore appropriate for application in aquaculture. newlineTherefore Cur-CSNPs and Qur-CSNPs were synthesized by ionic-gelation newlinemethod in two different concentrations of curcumin and quercetin as Cur-CSNPs A and newlineQur-CSNPs A (50 mg/100 mL) and Cur-CSNPs B and Qur-CSNPs B (100 mg/100 mL). newlineCharacterization studies of the synthesized Cur-CSNPs and Qur-CSNPs revealed newlineasymmetrical nanoparticles