Pro Survival Activity of Lysophosphadic Acid and Therapeutic Potential of its Receptors Against T cell Lymphoma

Abstract

Malignant cells are the resultant of a diverse array of genetic and molecular newlinealterations (particularly in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes) that helps in newlineacquiring the ability to proliferate in an uncontrolled manner and to evade the process of newlineapoptosis, resulting in the prolonged survival of tumor cells. Besides, the pioneer observation newlineof Otto Warburg laid the foundation of another distinct hallmark, reprogramming of energy newlinemetabolism, which was further corroborated by a series of studies. More importantly, newlinemalignant cells enable themselves to survive under hypoxic and nutrient-deprived newlinemicroenvironment through producing a variety of growth-factor like molecules, including newlinelysophosphatidic acid. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple bioactive phospholipid, newlinewhich displays tumor-promoting activity by inducing various cancer-promoting processes, newlineincluding proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, migration, and invasion through its cognate Gprotein- newlinecoupled receptors (namely LPA1-6) via activating multiple downstream signalling newlineevents. However, the implication of LPA in the reprogramming of tumor cell metabolism has newlineonly been studied in ovarian cancer but is still needed to be elucidated in other cancers, newlineincluding T cell lymphoma. newline