Development of natural fiber based biodegradable composites for structural applications

Abstract

Composite is a material obtained from mainly two material called matrix and reinforcement. The new material obtained has a different property from its original material. These new composite materials are very useful due to its lightweight, high strength, and improved properties. The properties of the composite material can be varied by varying the concentration of the matrix or reinforcement part as per the required properties. Matrix holds the fiber through a strong bond in the composite. The matrix material is able to deform when the load is applied and transfer its load to the fibers. The reinforcement material is a fiber either natural fiber or synthetic fiber and it provides strength to the composite. Therefore, composite with required properties can be obtained by varying the concentration of fiber and transferring of load takes place from matrix to the fiber by the interface. The natural fiber is conveniently renewable, biodegradable and environment-friendly, so it can be useful as a reinforcement for both thermoplastic and thermoset matrices. It can be a more suitable substitute for synthetic fiber which is potentially toxic and non-biodegradable since natural fiber is abundantly available and its processability is also easy. More research is required because of the potential of natural fibers as reinforcing components for plastic materials. The natural fibers are eco-friendly, have low density, high mechanical properties, and renewable which makes more utilization of plant-based fiber reinforcement materials. So fiber-based composite materials can be used for building construction and automotive parts. Since natural fiber is hydrophilic, so its surface modification removes hemicellulose and lignin content and makes it hydrophobic and increases the compatibility with the hydrophobic matrix material. Therefore, surface treatment improves the various mechanical properties of the composite. Bamboo plants are available in abundant and new plant sprouts that can develop from its extensive root base, so its ...