Public conveniences managed by municipal corporations in Punjab an evaluative study

Abstract

The present research is based on public conveniences of Punjab. Basically, it is a room or booth which have one or more water closets/urinals/ squatting pans which satisfying the requirements of the floating population at common public places. The investigation is comprised the three cities Amritsar, Jalandhar and Ludhiana. The research covered the mostly facets lavatories Infrastructure, cleaners/caretaker, users and management. The public conveniences Infrastructure superiority is measure with the assistance of the observation checklist. The list contains appearance, accessibility, safety, signages, toilets fixture, disable friendly services, breakage and other facilities etc. The five types of public conveniences have been observed in Punjab i.e. Pay and Used, Sulabh, Free Maintained, Market Committees and Build Operate and Transfer. The Market Committees and Build Operate Transfer (BoT) are presented only Amritsar and Ludhiana respectively. The Sulabh and BoT are very well-maintained and their quality has approved the benchmark of public conveniences. Overall, most good status public conveniences have been found in Jalandhar. But apart from BoT type public conveniences in Ludhiana City, disable friendly toilets provisions have not noticed in the majority of public conveniences of Punjab the maximum percentage of users are quite delighted from existing amenities of public conveniences. The most pleasing user has been observed in Ludhiana. But unfortunately, cleaners/caretakers are belonging to lower socio-economic profile and their job satisfaction is very low. They cannot earn their livelihood properly and doing work without any safety apparatus but management told that they are responsible for leasing agency newline