Development Of Idm Modules Under Climate Changes For Management Of Wheat Rust And Its Impact On Growth Yield And Defense Response In Wheat

Abstract

IDM practices have ability to increase seed germination and seedling emergence of wheat. The highest germination and seedling emergence was found T1- (SA of Trichoderma through FYM + ST with Azotobactor +2 spray of Zinc sulphate (1st is CRI stage and 2nd at booting stage) treatment representing 81.22, 94.32% and 82.22, 96.98% during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Shoot and root length of wheat was significantly increased in all the treatments over control during both the years. But the maximum in T1- (SA of Trichoderma through FYM + ST with Azotobactor +2 spray of Zinc sulphate (1st is CRI stage and 2nd at booting stage),representing 19.00, 21.90 and 7.50, 8.60 cm during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively at 40 DAS. The maximum fresh weight of shoot (1.80 g and 0.91 g) and root (1.90 g and 0.98)was found in T1- (SA of Trichoderma through FYM + ST with Azotobactor +2 spraying of Zinc sulphate, 1st is at CRI stage and 2nd at booting stage), representing 1.80 g and 1.90 gduring 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively at 40 DAS. Similarly the maximum length, dry weight, fresh weight of shoot and root was found in T1 treatment at 80 and 120 DAS during 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively. All the IDM practices have ability to increase number of tillers over control with the highest in T1 treatment as given as SA of Trichoderma through FYM + ST with Azotobactor +2 spray of Zinc sulphate, (1st is at CRI stage and 2nd at booting stage), representing 2.02 and 2.15 at 40 DAS, 2.89 and 3.00 DAS, 4.40 and 4.10 in number during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively.The maximum spike length and weght whether in case of brown or yellow rust was recorded in T1- (SA of Trichoderma through FYM + ST with Azotobactor +2 spray of Zinc sulphate, 1st is at CRI stage and 2nd at booting stage), both the years.All the IDM practices significantly reduced disease severity of yellow rust and brown rust of wheat as compared to control during both the years. Among the all treatments, the minimum disease severity was recorded in case