Analysis and investigations of clustering protocols to improve network lifetime in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is widely used technology to newlinemeasure certain physical quantity particularly in isolated areas. These newlinenetworks contain a combination of sensor nodes, microprocessor / newlinemicrocontroller, power source, transmission/ reception module and supporting newlineelectronic circuitry. The power source in WSN is definite and cannot be newlinerecharged once the nodes are deployed. The major power usage in WSN is for newlinetransmission and reception of data packets between the nodes and Base newlineStation (BS) in the network. Uncontrolled usage of power by the nodes results newlinereduction of network lifetime. Various clustering algorithms have been newlinedeveloped for efficient utilization of available power. Cluster Head selection newlineis major work in any clustering algorithm. Selection of appropriate cluster newlinehead and splitting the work between different sensor nodes are challenging newlinetask in clustering algorithms. For efficient utilisation of power in precise newlinemanner and to improve network lifetime this research analyses four different newlineclustering mechanism and a multidirectional routing techniques for clustering newlineand routing process. newlineThe first method is a Particle Swarm Optimization with newlineMultidirectional Routing (PSOMD) having fault recovery capacity. PSO is newline