Certain investigations on grid connecting issues and protection challenges in solar photovoltaic arrays

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) energy system finds an attractive option for newlineelectricity generation for specific applications and some autonomous newlineapplications. PV systems have been facing many different challenges in reducing newlinethe cost of the energy generated. The main improvement sought is to improve newlinethe operation of the PV system by utilizing a new technique to attain the newlinemaximum power and harmonic less voltage available from the PV array. Partial newlineshading condition (PSC) is the condition that occurs when the modules newlineconnected in series and parallel receive different illuminations due to varied newlinecauses such as clouds, trees, buildings, or dust. This PSC condition may lead to newlinesevere effects such as hotspots or even complete damage to the PV array, newlineespecially where no bypass diodes are connected across the PV modules. PSC newlineshows reluctance to the generated power considerably and acts as a load that newlinedraws power from the other modules. newline