A reliable routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor network

Abstract

Most of the earth s surface 70% is covered by water. Since more research is being done on underwater systems, data collection and environment monitoring become apparently major play. This increases the need for an effective way to collect data and monitor the environment. The characteristics of the underwater environment make the present researchers with many challenges especially effective communication and routing the sensor node techniques. Wireless sensor networks have been used extensively in many terrestrial applications. Recently for the past few years there is rapid growing trend towards the application of sensor networks in underwater environments, i.e., building Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Wireless underwater networking is the promising and enabling technology for ocean applications. Under water sensor network consists of a variable number of sensors and vehicles that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area. newlineThe most common way to send data in underwater environments is by means of acoustic signals, dolphins and whales use it to communicate. There is a serious problems for the Radio frequency signals to propagate in sea water, being operative for radio-frequency only at very short ranges (up to 10 meters) and with low-bandwidth modems (terms of Kbps). newline