Investigations on Power System Transfer Capability in Electricity Market

Abstract

The structure of the power system is undergoing the transition from a vertically integrated arrangement to the deregulated one to adapt to competitive market practices for the benefit of all the participants. However, the want of market participants for profit maximization is a security risk and threat to the reliable operation of the system. Accordingly, it becomes essential for the system operator to enumerate the Available Transfer Capability (ATC) of the network and earmark the same to the market applicants in a well-organized way. The optimal allocation of the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) can be worked out to improve the power flow and minimize the losses. Among various FACTS devices, the series compensator namely Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) can be utilized to compensate for line reactance and thus improve the ATC. In the present work, the allocation of TCSC has been accomplished by the Sensitivity and Power loss-based Congestion Reduction (SPCR) method. The SPCR method presents the technique of finding the optimal location of TCSC by computing the sensitivity of lines while utilizing the DC Power Flow Sensitivity Index and Reactive Power Loss Sensitivity Index after considering N-1 contingency. The reactive and real power losses along with real power flow are compared on the sensitive lines. With the placement of TCSC, the loadability of lines increases which ensures the relief of congestion on sensitive lines. The real power flows are analyzed by comparing the SPCR method with Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). The efficacy of the proposed method is authenticated on 6-bus and 30-bus test systems. The Metaheuristic Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (MEEPSO) is proposed to enhance the ATC considering line flow limits termed as Static ATC (SATC). MEEPSO resulted in a higher rate of convergence and helped in optimizing the value of SATC. The acceleration parameter is selected at 2.