Keggin Type Polyoxometalate and its Hybrid Materials as Electrodes for Rechargeable Molecular Cluster Batteries

Abstract

Increased use of fossil fuels causes more CO2 emission, an alarming sign of raised global warming, and ozone depletion. The alternative non-renewable resources such as solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy are the present solution. The energy from the above sources need to be managed and stored in the suitable system. Among all the energy storage systems metal-ion batteries (Li-ion and Na-ion) will be appropriated due to its usage in high energy density and high voltage applications. For the past two decades, lithium-ion batteries are essential to the growth of transportable gadgets. Furthermore, concerns about lithium supplies have reignited interest in Na-ion batteries as a potential replacement for Li-ion batteries in large storage operations. The disadvantage of sodium in regards to energy density is offset by its lower cost due to its abundance on Earth. Regardless of the target group, lithium and sodium technologies must be updated to meet energy density, reliability, and standards imposed by future automobile and utility applications. Addressing such challenges necessitates significant inventiveness in the development of new materials newline