Removal of Organic Pollutants by Modified Zeoliten Clay Based Adsorbents Photocatalysts

Abstract

The thesis entitled Removal of Organic Pollutants by Modified Zeolite/Clay Based Adsorbents/Photocatalysts is divided into eight chapters. Chapter 1: This chapter portrays the introduction of noxious organic pollutants and their removal techniques. The impact of organic pollutants on living beings was elaborated. The effect of toxic organic pollutants on human beings and the environment was discussed along with their sources, health effects, and their removal methods. The noxious organic pollutants such as methylene blue (MB), fipronil (FIP), rhodamine B dye (RhB), and metronidazole (MET) were briefly introduced along with their structures and harmful effects. The different types of removal techniques for treating wastewater were compared to know the best technique. The adsorption and photodegradation processes for EDCs, dyes, or other pollutants were summarized. Chapter 2: It deals with the literature survey of the different noxious contaminants (EDCs, pharmaceuticals, or dyes) which were removed by zeolite-based composites with adsorption or photocatalysis techniques. The % removal of various zeolites has been compared with other noxious contaminants. The pros and cons of various materials such as carbonaceous materials, metal-organic frameworks, zeolites, carbon nanotubes, adsorbents, activated carbon materials were briefly discussed. The structural properties of zeolite frameworks along with their significance in adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were explored. The properties of photoactive materials were also discussed. In comparison to other support materials zeolites were found to be an appropriate substance for the hybrid adsorption and photocatalysis process, because it has a huge surface area for adsorption, tunable surface properties, porosity, ion-exchange capability, and the abundance of acidic-basic sites which can be able to decrease the chances of electron/hole pairs recombination. Chapter 3: In this chapter, the chemicals used for the synthesis and modification of zeolite